全国2005年4月高等教育自学考试
英语词汇学试题
课程代码：00832
Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)
1. There are two approaches to the study of polysemy. They are（　　　）
A. primary and secondary             B. central and peripheral
C. diachronic and synchronic             D. formal and functional

2. Which of the following is NOT a stylistic feature of idioms?（　　　）
A. Colloquial                     B. Slang
C. Negative                     D. Literary

3. Synonyms can be classified into two major groups, that is:（　　　）
A. absolute and relative                 B. absolute and complete
C. relative and near                   D. complete and identical

4. In the early period of Middle English, English,（　　　）existed side by side.
A. Celtic and Danish                 B. Danish and French
C. Latin and Celtic                   D. French and Latin

5. A monomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single （　　　）morpheme.
A. formal                         B. concrete
C. free                         D. bound

6. Which of the following groups of words is NOT onomatopoeically motivated?（　　　）
A. croak, drum                     B. squeak, bleat
C. buzz, neigh                     D. bang, trumpet

7. LDCE is distinctive for its（　　　）
A. clear grammar codes                 B. usage notes
C. language notes                   D. all of the above

8. From the historical point of view, English is more closely related to（　　　）
A. German                     B. French
C. Scottish                     D. Irish

9. Which of the following is NOT an acronym?（　　　）
A. TOEFL                     B.ODYSSEY
C. BASIC                         D. CCTV

10. In the course book, the author lists（　　　）types of context clues for inferring word meaning.
A. eight                         B. six
C. seven                         D. five

11. Sources of homonyms include（　　　）
A. changes in sound and spelling           B. borrowing
C. shortening                     D. all of the above

12. The written form of English is a(an)（　　　）representation of the spoken form.
A. selective                     B. adequate
C. imperfect                     D. natural

13. Structurally a（　　　）is the smallest meaningful unit of a language.
A. morpheme                     B. stem
C. word                         D. compound

14. Unlike affixes,（　　　）are often free morphemes.
A. suffixes                     B. prefixes
C. inflectional morphemes             D. roots

15. The four major foreign contributors to the English vocabulary in earlier times were French, Latin,（　　　）
A. Scandinavian and Italian             B. Greek and Scandinavian
C. Celtic and Greek                 D. Italian and Spanish

Ⅱ. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)
16. The name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo is___________.

17. Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English is a___________ dictionary.

18. When a new word appears for the first time, the author usually manages to give hints or ___________ in the context to help the readers.

19. Radiation and ___________ are the two coinages which the development of word meaning follows from monosemy to polysemy.

20. Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to___________.

Ⅲ. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) word origin, 2) word formation, and 3) types of synonyms or antonyms. (10%)
A                   B
(   ) 21. skill               A. back-formation
(   ) 22. babysit             B. blending
(   ) 23. telequiz             C. French origin
(   ) 24. composition/compounding   D. Scandinavian origin
(   ) 25. government           E. clipping
(   ) 26. same/ different           F. relative synonyms
(   ) 27. gent                 G. Germanic
(   ) 28. English               H. absolute synonyms
(   ) 29. change/ alter           I. Contradictory terms
(   ) 30. big/ small               J. contrary terms

Ⅳ. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined, 2) types of meanings, 3) processes of meaning development, and 4) formation of compounds. (10%)

31. neck→primary meaning: that part of man joining the head to the body;
a secondary meaning: the narrowest part of anything.           (         )
32. contradict                                                     (         )
33. mother: love, care                                             (         )
34. upcoming                                                       (         )
35. window shopping                                             (         )
36. radios                                                         (         )
37. property developer                                             (         )
38. candidate→earlier meaning: white-robed;
later meaning: a person proposed for a place, award etc.         (         )
39. handsome                                                     (         )
40. northward                                                     (         )

Ⅴ. Define the following terms. (10%)
41. encyclopedia
42. borrowed words
43. blending
44. extension
45. phrasal verb

Ⅵ. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)

46. What is the difference between prefixation and suffixation? Explain with two examples.

47. What is extra-linguistic context?

48. What is polysemy? Illustrate your points.

Ⅶ. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%)
49. Study the following sentence and try to guess the meaning of the word in italics. Then explain what contextual clues help you to work out the meaning.
Carnivores are very dangerous. Not long ago, a tiger escaped from the zoo and killed a dog in the street and ate it.

50. Connotative meaning is not stable. Comment on this statement with one example.




2006年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试
  英语词汇学试卷
  (考试时间：4月23日上午8：30_11：00）

第一部分选择题(共30分
I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A,B,Cor D on theANSWER SHEET.(30 %)
1. Extension can be illustrated by the following example:____________.
  A. butcher --- one who kill goats       B. journal -- periodical
  C. companion --- one who shares bread   D. allergic ---too sensitive to medicine

2. The differences between synonyms boil down to three areas, namely,___________.
  A. extension, increase and expansion
  B. denotation, connotation and application
  C. comprehension, understanding and knowing
  D. polysemy, homograph and homophone

3. Affixes attached to other morphemes to create new words are known as _______.
    A. inflectional affixes             B. derivational affixes
    C. bound roots                 D. bee morphemes

4. Ambiguity often arises due to polysemy and
    A. synonymy   B. antonymy       C. homonymy   D. hyponymy

5. The semantic unity of idioms is reflected in the           relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom as in "rain cats and dogs".
  A. illogical     B. logical         C. mutual     D. natural

6. Idioms verbal in nature are ________.
  A. verb phrases             B. phrasal verbs
  C. verb idioms             D. alt the above

7. The idiom "'new brooms sweep clean" was created probably by ________.
    A. seamen     B. housewives   C. farmers     D. hunters

8. The following are all denominal suffixes EXCEPT ________.
    A. - ful       B. --wise     C. --less     D. --like

9. Both English and     belong to the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family,
    A. Celtic       B. Danish     C. French     D. Scottish

10. Chiefly found in derived words, bound morphemes include _________.
    A. bound roots               B. inflectional affixes
    C. derivational affixes           D. all the above

11. Motivation accounts for the connection between the word-form and __________.
    A. its referent               B. its referring expressions
    C. its meaning               D. its concept

12. Words can be classified according to the following criteria EXCEPT___________.
    A. notion                 B. use frequency
    C. foundation               D. origin

13. Which of the following is NOT correct?
    A_ A word is a meaningful group of letters.
    B, A word is a unit of meaning.
    C. A word is a sound or combination of sounds.
  D. A word is a form that cannot function alone in a sentence.

14. If one wants to find out the minute difference between shades of meaning, the best source is _______.
  A. a thesaurus               B. a synonym finder
  C. an encyclopedia             D. an encyclopedic dictionary

15. Which of the following can be said about a British Dictionary?
  A. It is always better than an American dictionary.
  B. One can always expect to find American usages in it_
  C. One can never expect to find American usages ha it.
  D. It tends to include more grammatical information


第二部分非选择题(共70分)
II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)

16. The Norman Conquest in 1066 started a continual flow of           words into English.

17. The attitudes of classes have made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of elevation or ___________

18. Context can help eliminate ambiguity, provide clues for inferring word-meaning and Dye_____ of referents.

19. Compounds are different from free phrases in           unit.

20. Content words have both meanings, and           meaning in particular.

III Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of figures of speech; 2) types of motivation ; 3) types of changes in word meaning.（10%）
          A                   B
(     )21. senior citizen             A. metonymy
(     )22. the pot calls the cattle black     B. narrowing
(     )23. earn one's bread           C. euphemism
(     )24. from cradle to grave         D. synecdoche
(     )25. sit on the fence           E. hiss
(     )26. constable (a policeman)       E personification
(     )27. criticize (find fault with)       G morphologically motivated
(     )28. liquor(alcoholic drink)       H. degradation
(     )29. snakes                 I. metaphor
(     )30. hopeless               J. elevation

IV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of affixes; 2) types of word formation; 3) types of meaning. (10%)

31. harder                             (                         )
32. Fridge                             (                         )
33. autocide                         (                         )
34. tremble with fear                 (                         )
35. notorious, skinny                 (                         )
36. two-layer                         (                         )
37. UNESCO                         (                         )
38. cloudy                           (                         )
39. subway                           (                         )
40. police, money                     (                         )


V. Define the following terms. (10%)

41. extra-linguistic context
42. prefixation
43. semantic change
44. conceptual meaning

VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12 %)
46. What is semantic unity of idioms?

47. What are the three areas to account for the difference between synonyms? Illustrate your points.

48. What are the major differences between basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary? "

VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%)

49. Analyse the morphological, structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes, dishearten, idealistic, unfriendly

50. Collocation can affect the meaning of words. Comment on the statement with your Own example.